Source:
Paull, G C; Matthews, R A, (2001), ‘Spironucleus vortens, a possible cause of hole-in-the-head disease in cichlids’, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 45: 3; 197-202 and reproduced with permission
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Symphysodon discus.
Photographs of a discus with moderate hole-in-the-head
infection. Head-on view of the same fish. Note
bilaterally symmetrical holes. Source: Paull, G C; Matthews, R A, (2001), ‘Spironucleus vortens, a possible cause of hole-in-the-head disease in cichlids’, Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 45: 3; 197-202 and reproduced with permission
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